Ketonemia And Ketonuria Explained: Understanding Ketosis

Ketonemia And Ketonuria Explained: Understanding Ketosis

Explain ketonemia and ketonuria. Describe reactions of ketogenesis.
Answer:

Ketonemia:

• When the rate of synthesis of ketone bodies exceeds the rate of utilization, their concentration in the blood increases
• This condition is called ketonemia.

Ketonuria:

• The excretion of ketone bodies in urine is called ketonuria
• Kelonaemia and ketonuria together are referred to as ketosis

Reactions of ketogenesis:

Two moles of acetyl CoA
↓←Thiolase
Acetyl CoA
↓
Acetyl CoA + Acetyl CoA
↓ ← HMG CoA synthase
B hydroxyl p methyl glutaryl CoA (ITMG CoA)
↓← HMG CoA lyase
Cleavage of HMG CoA
↓
Acetoacetate + acetyl CoA
↓
Acetoacetate

1. Undergoes decarboxylation to form acetone
2. Reduces by dehydrogenase to form p hydroxybutyrate

• Thus, ketone bodies namely acetone, acetoacetate, and p hydroxybutyrate are formed.