Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

Question 1. Write A Short Note On Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction.
Answer:

Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction is the acute exacerbation of signs and symptoms of syphilis during the penicillin treatment.

Penicillin injected in the syphilitic patient may produce shivering, fever, myalgia, exacerbation* of lesions, and even vascular collapse.

• This is due to the sudden release of spirochetal lytic products and lasts for 12–72 hours.
• It does not recur and does not need interruption of therapy.
• Aspirin, corticosteroids, and sedatives afford relief of symptoms.

Question 2. Compare And Contrast Newer Penicillin And Older Penicillin.
Answer:

Question 3. Write Important Uses, Side Effects, And Contraindications Of Any Of First First-Generation Cephalosporins.
Answer:

First-Generation Cephalosporins Uses

• Cephazolin is used for surgical prophylaxis.
• First-generation cephalosporins are used as an alternative to penicillin G, mainly in patients who are allergic to penicillin G.
• Cephalexin and cefadroxil are used in the treatment of odontogenic infections.
• Cephalexin and cefadroxil are used for prophylaxis in bacterial endocarditis before the start of dental procedures.
• They are indicated in skin and soft tissue infections caused by streptococci and S. aureus.

First-Generation Cephalosporins Side Effects

• Pain after IM injection occurs. This is so severe with cephalothin as to interdict the IM route. If injected into a vein, thrombophlebitis may occur.
• Diarrhea due to alteration of gut ecology or irritative effect is more common with oral ephedrine.
• Hypersensitivity reactions are caused by first-generation cephalosporins which are similar to penicillin but the incidence is lower. The rash is the most common manifestation.
• Cephalothin has low-grade nephrotoxicity.