Hypertension Question And Answers

Hypertension Question And Answers

Question 1. Write a note on the pathophysiology of hypertension.
Answer:

Hypertension is a chronic elevation of blood pressure that, in the long term, causes end-organ damage and results in increased morbidity and mortality. The specific trigger is not known. Probable factors that play significant roles are:

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1. Decreased renal sodium excretion: Decreased excretion of sodium by the kidney causes an increase in fluid volume, cardiac output, and peripheral vaso-constriction which leads to an increase in blood pressure.

• Hypertension question and answers

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2. Raised vascular resistance: Factors that produce vasoconstriction or stimuli that lead to structural changes in vessel walls cause an increase in peripheral vascular resistance and this leads to primary hypertension.

3. Genetic factors: They play an important role in the development of hypertension. Genetic factors may be in the enzymes involved in aldosterone metabolism, sodium reabsorption, and smooth muscle cell growth.

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4. Environmental factors: These consist of stress, obesity, smoking, decreased physical activity, and heavy intake of sodium salts.