Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Clinical Features, Histopathology, and Treatment Explained

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Clinical Features, Histopathology, and Treatment Explained

Question. Write in detail about Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Answer. It is also known as Hodgkin’s disease.

• Epstein-Barr virus is considered to be the major cause.
• Patients with HIV infection have a higher incidence of Hodgkin’s disease.

“Understanding the role of histopathology in diagnosing Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Q&A explained”

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Clinical Features

• Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is most commonly seen in young adults and older individuals.
• More common in males as compared to females.
• Clinical signs and symptoms of the disease are protean
• There is painless enlargement of one or more cervical lymph nodes.
• Palpable painless cervical lymphadenopathy occurs in cervical area, axilla and less commonly in inguinal area and Waldeyers ring and occipital nodes.
• Lymph nodes are fim and rubbery in consistency and overlying skin is normal.
• Symptoms are of unexplained weight loss, fever and night sweats.

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Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Histopathology

• Nodular sclerosis hodgkin’s disease
  • Morphology show nodular pattrn.
  • Broad bands of fiers divide node into nodules
  • Characteristic cell is lacunar type Reed­Sternberg Cell which has monolobated, multilobated nucleus and a small nucleolus with abundant and pale cytoplasm.
• Mixed cellularity hodgkin’s disease
  • Infiltrate is usually diffuse
  • Reed­Sternberg cells are of classic type i.e. large with bilobate, double or multiple nuclei and a large eosinophilic inclusion like nucleolus.

“Common challenges in diagnosing Hodgkin’s lymphoma effectively: FAQs provided”

• Lymphocyte-depleted hodgkin’s disease
  • Infiltrate is diffuse and often appears hypocellular.
  • Large number of Reed­Sternberg cells and bizarre sarcomatous variants are present.
  • It is associated with older age and HIV positivity
• Lymphocyte-rich classic hodgkin’s disease
  • Reed­Sternberg cells of the classic or lacunar type are observed with background infitrate of lymphocytes.
• Nodular lymphocyte-predominant hodgkin’s disease
  • In this typical Reed­Sternberg Cell is not seen, instead a variant of Reed­
  • Sternberg Cell the lymphocytic and histiocytic cells or popcorn cells are seen within the background of inflammatory cells which are predominantly benign lymphocytes.

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Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Treatment

Combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy help in curing the disease.