Hepatitis B Vaccination

Write short note on prophylaxis of hepatitis B.

Answer. Following is the prophylaxis of hepatitis B:

Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine having HBsAg capable of producing active immunization.
Usually, three injections of vaccine should be given IM during current, fist and sixth months. These vaccinations provide 90% of prophylaxis from hepatitis B virus.
If patient is immunocompromised larger doses of vaccination should be given.
Passive immunization is provided by I.M. injection of hyperimmune serum globulins which is given within 24 hours or almost within a week of exposure to infected blood.
Active along with passive immunization is provided to the paramedics who has undergone needle stick injury, to newborn babies of hepatitis B positive mothers and to regular sexual partner of hepatitis B positive patient.
Dosage is 500 IU for adults and 200 IU for babies.

Following precautions are to be taken for prevention from hepatitis B:

Avoid infected blood transfusion, body organs,sperms and other tissues. Blood should be screened before transfusion.
Strict sterilization process should be ensured in clinics.
Presterilized needles and syringe should be used.
Avoid injections unless they are absolutely necessary.
Carrier should be told not to share razors or tooth brushes, use barrier methods of contraception, avoid blood donation.

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