Hemoptysis: Causes, Types, and Conditions Linked to Coughing Up Blood

Hemoptysis: Causes, Types, and Conditions Linked to Coughing Up Blood

Question. Enumerate The Causes Of Hemoptysis.
Answer.

Hemoptysis is defined as coughing out of the blood which includes stained sputum.

Hemoptysis Causes

1. Causes for true hemoptysis-Cardiac

• Mitral stenosis
• Aneurysm of aorta
• Left ventricular failure and primary pulmonary hypertension.

Hemoptysis: Causes, Types, and Conditions Linked to Coughing Up Blood

2. Respiratory

• Pneumonia
• Tuberculosis
• Bronchogenic carcinoma and adenoma
• Pulmonary embolism
• Lung abscess
• Bronchiectasis and other infections of the lung and bronchi
• Trauma to the airways and lung
• AV malformations.

3. Immunological

• Goodpasture’s syndrome
• Wegener’s granulomatosis
• Polyarteritis nodosa.

4. Bleeding disorders

• Thrombocytopenia
• Purpura
• Agranulocytosis
• Leukemia
• Hemophilia and anticoagulant therapy.

5. Iatrogenic

• The following bronchoscopy
• Lung biopsy
• Endotracheal intubation
• Anticoagulant therapy

Causes of Hemoptysis and Types of Coughing Up Blood

6. Causes for pseudo hemoptysis

• Trauma of the mouth, pharynx and larynx
• Tuberculosis, syphilis, or pyogenic infection of the mouth,
  pharynx and larynx.
• Malignancy of mouth, pharynx and larynx
• Bleeding spongy gums in scurvy.