Hemolytic Jaundice: Causes, Symptoms, And Lab Tests

Hemolytic Jaundice: Causes, Symptoms, And Lab Tests

Question 1. Name two hormones acting on pancreas.
Answer:

Question 2. Jaundice.
Answer:

Definition:

• Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the skin, eyes, mucous membrane and deeper tissues due to increased accumulation of bilirubin in the plasma and tissue fluids.

Value:

• Normal serum bilirubin level -0.2-0.8 mg/dl
• In jaundice – more than 2 mg/dl.

Types:

Question 3. Hemolytic jaundice.
Answer:

Cause:

• Excessive breakdown of RBCs.

Laboratory investigation:

1. Van den bergh test – indirect positive.

2. Blood.

1. Blood smear.
   • It shows anaemia, reticulocytosis and abnormal RBC.
2. Plasma.
   • Plasma proteins normal.
3. Bilirubin – unconjugated.
4. Serum alkaline phosphatise level-normal.

3. Urine.

1. Bilirubin – absent.
2. Urobilinogen – increased.

4. Faeces.

1. Stercobilinogen – increased
2. Faecal fat-normal.

5. Liver.

• Liver function normally

Question 4. Bile pigments.
Answer:

• Bile pigments are the excretory products in bile.

Bile pigments:

1. Bilirubin.

2. Biliverdin.

Formation and circulation:

Senile RBC are destroyed and haemoglobin is released.
↓
Hemoglobin into.

1. Globin

2. Heme.

• Heme split into.

1. 1. Iron-stores in iron pool.
   2. Biliverdin.

Biliverdin is reduced to unconjugated bilirubin.
↓
Bilirubin is released into blood and transported to liver through albumin.
↓
Here, it becomes conjugated.

Fate:

1. 50% of bilirubin

• Converted into urobilinogen.

2. Remaining 50%.

• Absorbed into blood
• Re-enters the liver.
• Re-excreted in bile.