Glycogenesis & Glycogenolysis

Glycogenesis & Glycogenolysis

Question 1. Describe glycogenolysis and glycogenesis.
Answer:

Glycogenolysis:

• It is the degradation of stored glycogen in the liver and muscle
• Glycogen is degraded by breaking a – 1,4 & a – 1,6 glycosidic bonds

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Difference between glycogenesis and glycogenolysis

Glycogenesis:

It is a process of glycogen synthesis

Steps:

1. Synthesis of UDP glucose

Glucose is converted to glucose 6 – phosphate by hexokinase/ glucokinase
↓
Conversion of glucose 6 – phosphate to glucose 1 – phosphate by phosphoglucomutase
↓
Synthesis of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) from glucose 1 – phosphate by UDP glucose phosphorylase

1. Primer

Enzyme glycogen initiator synthase transfers the first molecule of glucose to glycogen.
↓
Glycogenin takes up a few glucose residues to form a primer.

Enzymes of glycogenesis and glycogenolysis

2. Glycogen synthesis

Transfer of glucose from UDP – glucose to the reducing end of glycogen to form a – 1,4 linkages by enzyme glycogen synthase.

3. Formation of branches of glycogen

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Question 2. Write reactions of glycogenolysis. What is the significance of this pathway?
Answer:

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Significance:

• Glycogenolysis regulates glucose levels in the blood
• Plays an important role in the fight or flight response
• In monocytes, it serves to provide an immediate source of glucose 6 – phosphate for glycolysis to provide energy for muscle contraction.
• In hepatocytes, glycogenolysis helps to provide glucose for uptake by cells.
• In it the phosphate group of glucose 6 – phosphate is removed by the enzyme glucose 6 – phosphatase and the free glucose exits the cell via GLUT 2 (Glucose Transporter – 2)