Gingiva In Periodontology

Gingiva In Periodontology

Gingiva
Answer:

• It is defined as the tissue that covers the alveolus and encircles the necks of the teeth
• It is immovable and firmly attached to the periosteum of the alveolar bone
• Microscopic features
  1. Epithelium
     • Thick stratified squamous epithelium
     • Layers – stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum corneum
     • Sulcular epithelium, junctional epithelium and interdental col are non-keratinized areas in the gingiva.
     • Has stippled surface
  2. The junction between epithelium and lamina propria
     • Convoluted
     • The presence of plenty of deep rete pegs prevents epithelium from being stripped off
  3. Lamina propria
     • Contains long and narrow connective tissue papillae
     • It has a papillary layer and a reticular layer
     • It is made up of collagen bundles, long capillary loops, lymphatics and nerve tissue, and cells like fibroblasts, histiocytes, monocytes, mast cells, and lymphocytes
  4. Fibers
     • Denogingival
     • Alveologingival
     • Circular
     • Dentoperiosteal
     • Transseptal

Macroscopic features:

1. Color – coral pink
2. Consistency – firm and resilient
3. Contour – scalloped
4. Surface – stapling
5. Parts

• Free or marginal gingiva – embraces the necks of the teeth
  • It is separated from the attached gingiva by a free gingival groove.
• Attached gingiva – part of the gingiva that is firmly bound to the periosteum
  • It is separated from the alveolar mucosa by the mucogingival line
• Interdental papilla – part of the gingiva that fills the, space between two adjacent teeth

Gingival sulcus:

• V-shaped space between the marginal gingiva and tooth surface
• Depth is about 0-2 mm