Gallbladder

Gallbladder

Question 1. Functions of gall bladder.
Answer:

1. Storage of bile.

• Bile secreted from liver is stored in gall bladder and released into intestine only intermittently.

2. Concentration of bile.

• The mucosa of gall bladder rapidly reabsorbs water and electrolytes.
• But bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol and lecithin are not reabsorbed.
• Thus, concentration of these substances increases in bile.

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3. Alteration of pH bile.

• Rapid absorption of HCO3, Na+ and CT, decreases the bile pH from 8.6 to 7.4.

4. Secretion of mucin.

• Gall bladder secretes mucin which makes the bile viscous.

5. Regulation of pressure in biliary system.

• During fasting, rate of secretion of bile is low and pressure in the biliary system in small.
• When the pressure of bile in bile duct is above 7 cm H2O, bile passes without resistance along the cystic duct into the gall bladder.

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Question 2. Mention of functions of large intestine.
Answer:

Functions of large intestine:

1. Absorptive function:

1. Large intestine help in absorption of.
   1. Water main site for its absorption are caecum and ascending colon.
   2. Electrolytes.
      • Na+, K+, Cl-
      • Na+ is actively absorbed from the colon and water follows along the osmotic gradient thus generated.
   3. Organic substances like glucose and vitamins
   4. Alcohol and drugs.

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2. Formation of faeces:

• After the absorption of nutrients, water and other substances, the unwanted substances in the large intestine form faeces.

3. Excretory function:

• Large intestine excrete heavy metals like mercury, lead, bismuth and arsenic.

4. Secretary function:

• Large intestine secretes
• Mucin.
• Lubricates the intestinal mass.
• Neutralizes the acid formed.
• Inorganic substances like chloride and bicarbonates.

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5. Synthetic function:

• The colonic bacterial flora synthesizes vitamin B12, K and folic acid.