Etiology Of Various Dental Developmental Anomalies

Etiology Of Various Dental Developmental Anomalies

Question 1. Write a short note on developmental disturbances in a number of teeth.
Or
Describe in detail developmental disturbances affecting several teeth.

Answer. Developmental disturbances in the number of teeth

• Anodontia
• Hypodontia
• Hyperdontia

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Hyperdontia

• Hyperdontia is the development of an increased number of teeth.
• The additional teeth are known as supernumerary teeth.
• Accessory teeth may be present at or shortly after birth.
• Teeth present in a newborn baby are known as natal teeth, while teeth arising in first 30 days of life are known as neonatal teeth.
• These teeth may represent pre­deciduous supernumerary teeth.

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Question 2. Enumerate the diffrent developmental disturbances of teeth on basis of size, number and shape. Describe in detail the developmental disturbances in structure of tooth.

Answer.

Developmental Disturbances in structure of tooth

Following are the developmental disturbances in structure of tooth:

• Amelogenesis imperfecta or hereditary enamel dysplasia or hereditary brown enamel or hereditary opalescent teeth.
• Environmental enamel hypoplasia.
• Dentinogenesis imperfecta.
• Dentin dysplasia.
• Regional odontodysplasia or odontodysplasia or odontogenic dysplasia, odontogenesis imperfecta or ghost teeth
• Dentin hypocalcifiation.

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Regional odontodysplasia

• It is also known as odontodysplasia or ghost teeth.
• In this both ectodermal and mesodermal tooth components are affcted.
• In this tooth is hypocalcifid and hypoplastic.

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Etiology

• Due to abnormal migration of neural crest cells
• Due to medication taken during pregnancy
• In local trauma or infection
• In cases of radiation therapy
• Due to somatic mutations
• Local circulatory defiiency

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Clinical Features

• Both the dentitions, i.e. deciduous and permanent dentitions are affcted.
• Slight female predilection is present.
• Maxillary teeth are more commonly involved as compared to mandibular teeth. More often involved are maxillary anterior teeth.
• Many of the affcted teeth are failed to erupt.
• Erupted teeth have small irregular crowns that are yellow to brown with rough surface.
• Presence of caries and periapical inflmmatory lesions are common.
• Gingival swelling is present adjacent to the affcted tooth.

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Treatment

• Prosthetic replacement of teeth should be done.
• In some of teeth root canal should be done followed by capping of teeth.