What Causes Gingivitis? A Quick Guide to Its Etiology

Question. Write a short note on the etiology of gingivitis.

Answer. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gingiva and occurs in acute, sub-acute, and chronic forms.

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Etiology

Local Factors
- Microorganisms: Plaque associated with gingivitis is complex and heterogeneous.
- Actinomyces group of organisms is dominant in supragingival plaque.
- Calculus: Supragingival or subgingival, or both irritates the contacting gingival tissue. Irritation is produced by the mechanical friction resulting from the hard, rough surface of calculus.

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- Food impaction: Impaction of food and accumulation of debris on teeth due to oral negligence results in gingivitis.
- Faulty and irritating restorations or appliances may act as irritants to the gingival tissue and induce gingivitis.
- Mouth breathing: It leads to drying of the oral mucus membrane, which results in gingival irritation with accompanying irritation.

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Systemic factors
- Nutritional disturbances: The nutritional imbalance is frequently manifested leads to changes in the gingiva.
- Pregnancy: During pregnancy gingiva changes, causing pregnancy gingivitis.
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hormonal changes: Puberty and menstruation may result in gingival inflammation

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