Estrogen In Women And Men: Functions And Sources Explained

Estrogen In Women And Men: Functions And Sources Explained

Estrogen.
Answer:

Estrogen is a C₁₈ steroid.

Estrogen Sources:

• Theca internal cells of graffian follicles major source.
• Corpus luteum – in non-pregnant women.
• Placenta in pregnant women.
• Adrenal cortex- in small amounts.
• Testis in small amounts.

Estrogen Forms:

• Beta estradiol – most potent.
• Estrone – intermediate precursor Estriol- least potent.

Estrogen Metabolism:

• It is conjugated in the liver to form water soluble sulphates and glucuronides.
• It is then excreted in urine and faeces.

Estrogen Functions:

1. Promotes the growth of internal genitalia and external genitalia.

2. Lowers plasma cholesterol level and prevents development of atherosclerosis.

3. Responsible for the appearance of secondary sexual characters in females.

4. Action on uterus.

• Causes enlargement of uterus by proliferation of endometrial cells.
• Proliferates and dilates endometrial blood vessels.
• Increases blood supply to endometrium.
• Proliferates and dilates endometrial glands.
• Promotes mitotic activity in the uterine muscle.
• Increases motility of cilia.

5. On vagina.

• Promotes mitotic activity of epithelium.
• Increases vaginal secretion and acidity.

6. On breast.

• Develops stromal tissues of breasts.
• Increase growth of ductile system.
• Increases deposition of fats.

7. On secondary sexual characters.

• Development of hair in pubic and axilla region.
• Renders softness and smoothness of skin.
• Narrowing of shoulders.
• Produces high pitch voice.

8. On bones.

• Increases osteoblastic acitivity.
• Causes early fusion of epiphysis.

9. On metabolism.

• Induces protein anabolism and causes fat deposition.

10. On electrolyte balance.

• Causes sodium and water retention.