Difference Between Hypertrophy And Hyperplasia

Difference Between Hypertrophy And Hyperplasia

Question 1. Write Short notes on Hypertrophy.
Or
Write A Note On Hypertrophy.
Answer:

Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of cells and, with such change, an increase in the size of the organ. Thus, the hypertrophied organ has no new cells, just larger cells.

• The increased size of the cells is not due to cellular swelling but due to the synthesis of more structural components.

Hypertrophy Types

Hypertrophy can be physiologic or pathologic and is caused by increased functional demand or by specific hormonal stimulation.

• Physiologic hypertrophy: The massive physiologic growth of the uterus during pregnancy is a good example of hormone-induced hypertrophy involving both hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Cellular hypertrophy is stimulated by estrogenic hormones through smooth muscle estrogen receptors, which allow for interactions of the hormones with nuclear DNA, eventually resulting in increased synthesis of smooth muscle proteins and an increase in cell size.
  Similarly, prolactin and estrogen cause hypertrophy of the breasts during lactation. These are examples of physiologic hypertrophy affected by hormonal stimulation.
• Pathologic hypertrophy: Various diseases associated with hypertrophy are:
  • Hypertrophy of cardiac muscle: It can be seen in various cardiovascular diseases. A few conditions producing left ventricular hypertrophy are mitral insufficiency, aortic valve disease, and systemic hypertension.
  • Hypertrophy of smooth muscles: It is seen in cardiac achalasia, pyloric stenosis, intestinal strictures, and muscular arteries in hypertension.
  • Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles: It is seen in hypertrophied muscles in athletes and laborers.
  • Compensatory hypertrophy: It is seen in the organ where the contralateral organ is removed, i.e.

1. Following a nephrectomy on one side of a young patient, compensatory hypertrophy occurs in the nephrons of the other kidney.
2. Adrenal hyperplasia following removal of one adrenal gland.

Hypertrophy vs hyperplasia

Question 2. Write A Short Note On Hyperplasia.
Answer:

Hyperplasia constitutes an increase in the number of parenchymal cells in an organ or tissue, which may then have increased volume.

• Hyperplasia takes place if the cellular population is capable of synthesizing DNA, thus permitting mitotic division.
• Labile cells, i.e., Epithelial cells of skin and mucus membrane; cells of bone marrow and lymph nod; es and stable ce,t tell, i.e., cells of the liver, pancreas, and kidney, can undergo hyperplasia.
• Hyperplasia can be physiologic or pathologic.

Difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Physiologic Hyperplasia

1. Hormonal hyperplasia: Hyperplasia undergoing the influence of hormonal stimulation, For Example. Hyperplasia of the female breast during pregnancy and puberty, hyperplasia of the pregnant uterus, and prostatic hyperplasia in old age.

2. Compensatory hyperplasia: It occurs following the removal of an organ or contra-angle organ in paired organs, For Example. Regeneration of the liver following partial hepatectomy, nephrectomy of one kidney leads to hyperplasia of nephrons of the contralateral kidney.

Pathologic Hyperplasia

Most forms of pathologic hyperplasia are instances of excessive hormonal stimulation or are the effects of growth factors on target cells, For Example. Endometrial hyperplasia due to excess estrogen, pseudo carcinomatous hyperplasia of skin.