Corpus Luteum: Formation, Functions, And Role In Pregnancy

Corpus Luteum: Formation, Functions, And Role In Pregnancy

Question 1. Decribe the formation and functions of corpus luteum.
Answer:

Corpus Luteum Formation:

• At the time of ovulation antral fluid escapes and the follicle wall collapses, leading to haemorrhage into the theca interna and this forms corpus the haemorrhagicum.
  • The blood clots slowly.
  • The granulose cells and theca cells undergo hypertrophy.
  • After ovulation, the clotted blood is replaced with yellowish, lipid rich luteal cells forming corpus luteum.
  • It enlarges upto 15 mm diameter and remains in the ovary till the end of the cycle.
  • If fertilization has not occurred, the corpus luteum degenerates and becomes corpus albicans.

Corpus Luteum Functions:

1. Secretory function.

• It secretes
  1. Progesterone – in large amount.
  2. Estrogen in small amount.

2. Maintenance of pregnancy.

• Corpus luteum is active until placenta starts secreting sex hormones.
• Abortion occurs if corpus luteum becomes inactive.

3. During menstrual cycle.

• It is responsible for the endometrial changes during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.

Question 2. Describe the phases of menstrual cycle.
Answer:

Menstrual cycle occurs in 4 phases.

1. Menstrual phase
2. Proliferative phase
3. Ovulatory phase
4. Secretory phase.