Control Of Heart Rate

Control Of Heart Rate

Factors effecting heart rate. (or) Draw and label the special conductive tissues of heart.
Answer:

1. Age:

• After birth, as age increases, vagal tone increases and heart rate decreases.
• In old age, heart rate is high due to fall in vagal tone.

2. Sex:

• Heart rate is slightly higher in females.

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3. Body temperature:

• Every 1° F rise in body temperature, heart rate increases by about 10 beats/minute.
• Fall in body temperature decreases heart rate.

4. Drugs:

1. Epinephrine:
   • Directly increases heart rate.
2. Nor-epinephrine.
   • By its direct action, increases heart rate.
   • But by its pressor effect, decreases heart rate.

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5. Diseases:

1. Increase in intracranial tension.
   • Decreases blood supply to medulla.
   • Stimulates medullary centre which causes decreases in heart rate.
2. Thyrotoxicosis.
   • It is associated with high resting heart rate.
3. Hypoxia.
   • Causes stimulation of chemoreceptors.
   • This in turn increases heart rate.

6. Emotions:

• Excitement, fear, anger – increases heart rate
• Shock, grief-decreases heart rate.

7. Exercise:

• Heart rate increases with severeity of exercise.

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8. Painful stimuli:

1. Superifical pain causes activation of sympathetic stimulation.
   • This produces increases in heart rate.
2. Deep pain causes sympathetic inhibition.
   • This produces decrease in heart rate.

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9. Respiration:

• Heart rate increases with inspiration.
• It decreases during expiration.