Conjugated Proteins: Types, Functions, And Biological Roles

Conjugated Proteins: Types, Functions, And Biological Roles

Question 1. Describe the urea cycle.
Answer:

• The urea cycle is tire first metabolic cycle described by Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseliet.

Urea Cycle Steps:

1. Synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate.
2. Formation of citrulline.
3. Synthesis of arginosuccinate.
4. Cleavage of arginosuccinate.
5. Formation of urea.
6. Enzyme involved:

Urea Cycle Overall reaction:

NH4+ + CO2 + Aspartate + 3ATP → urea + fumerate + 2ADP + 2Pi + AMP + PPi

Question 2. Name two non-protein nitrogen substances and mention their serum levels.
Answer:

• All nitrogen-containing substances other than proteins are referred to as non-protein nitrogen substances (NPN).

Question 3. Name the inborn errors of metabolism in the phenylalanine pathway and mention the enzymes that are missing in each case.
Answer:

Question 4. A substance formed from tyrosine.
Answer:

Question 5. Dietary sources of essential amino acids.
Answer:

• Egg, soya protein, sesame, beef, peanuts, and mustard seeds are the main food sources of essential amino acids.

Question 6. Name conjugated proteins and their functions.
Answer: