Coagulation Of Blood

Coagulation Of Blood

Describe the mechanism of coagulation of blood mention different anticoagulants and mechanism of action. (or) Anticoagulants. (or) Coagulation of blood.
Answer:

Coagulation:

Coagulation or clotting is the process in which blood losses its fluidity and becomes a jelly like mass few minutes after it is shed out or collected in a container.

• Coagulation Mechanism:
  • The coagulation of blood involves a ‘complex series’ or ‘cascade’ of reactions.
  • The clotting of blood occurs in three stages.

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1. Formation of Prothrombin activator:

• Prothrombin activator is formed in two ways.

1. Extrinsic pathway:

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2. Conversion of prothrombin into thrombin:

• Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium.
• The thrombin thus formed initiates the formation of further molecules of thrombin.
• This activates factor V which accelerates both extrinsic and intrinsic pathway for the formation of prothrombin activator.

Coagulation of blood

3. Conversion of Fibrinogen into fibrin:

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Anticoagulants and its mechamism:

1. Heparin:

• It is naturally occurring anticoagulant.
• It is produced by mast cells and circulating basophils.
• It is present in liver and lungs.

Heparin Mechanism:

• Suppresses the activity of thrombin.
• Combines with heparin cofactor and shows anticoagulant action.
• Activates antithrombin III
• Combines with antithrombin III and removes thrombin from circulation.
• Inactivates the active form of clotting factors IX, X, XI and XII

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2. Coumarin dervicaties [Dicoumoral and warfarin]:

• It inhibits the action of vitamin K.
• As vitamin K is essential for the formation of various clotting factors like VII, IX and X, it inhibits coagulation.

3. EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid):

• It prevents blood clotting by removing calcium from blood

4. Oxalate compounds and citrates:

• These combines with calcium and forms insoluble calcium oxalate and calcium citrate respectively,.
• This reduces the calcium level of blood which prevents blood clot.