Classification Of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Classification Of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Classify Aminoglycoside Antibiotics. Describe The Important Uses And Adverse Effects Of Gentamicin.
Answer:

Classification Of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Systemic aminoglycosides: Streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, amikacin, sisomicin, netilmicin

Topical aminoglycosides: Neomycin, framycetin.

Classification of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Types and Examples

Uses Of Gentamicin

• Gentamicin is used in subacute bacterial endocarditis along with penicillin.
• It can be used alone or in combination with penicillin or cephalosporins in critically ill patients to prevent respiratory infections, in postoperative pneumonia. In patients with implants, community-acquired pneumonia.
• It can be used in burns, UTIs, pneumonia, lung abscess, osteomyelitis, septicemia, and middle ear infections.
• In infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli i.e. urinary tract infections with pyelonephritis, pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, septicemia, and infected burns.
• In dentistry, gentamicin is used in combination with amoxicillin for prophylaxis of endocarditis in high-risk patients before the commencement of the dental procedure.
• Topically gentamicin is used as an ointment for skin lesions and burns. It is also used as an eye drop in conjunctivitis.

Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Classes, Mechanism, and Side Effects

Classification of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Types and Examples

Adverse Effects Of Gentamicin

• Nephrotoxicity: It is encountered when therapy is continued for several days or in renal insufficiency, but this is reversible. Gentamicin binds to phospholipids of the renal brush border and leads to renal necrosis.
• Ototoxicity: When gentamicin gets concentrated in endolymph it leads to vestibular toxicity, i.e. vertigo and ataxia. The drug also gets concentrated in the perilymph of the inner ear and leads to cochlear toxicity, i.e. tinnitus and hearing loss.
• Neuromuscular blockade: Gentamicin blocks neuromuscular receptors of the motor endplate and leads to neuromuscular blockade.