Citric Acid Cycle Regulation

Citric Acid Cycle Regulation

Describe the following aspects of the citric acid cycle.

1. Reactions
2. Energetics
3. Regulation
4. Functions

Answer:

Citric acid cycle:

It is a cyclic process that involves the oxidation of acetyl CoA to carbon dioxide and water.

Reactions:

“Understanding citric acid cycle regulation through FAQs: Mechanisms, functions, and uses explained”

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Energetics:

1. Each NADH produces 3 ATP through the electron transport chain. 3 NADH is produced in the citric acid cycle
2. Each FADH2 produces 2 ATP through the electron transport chain. 1 FADH2 is produced in the citric acid cycle.
3. Substrate-level phosphorylation produces one ATP

How is the citric acid cycle regulated

Thus, the total ATP produced is:

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Regulation:

• The citric acid cycle is regulated by three simple mechanisms
• Substrate availability
• Product inhibition
• Competitive feedback inhibition
  • All regulatory enzymes of the citric acid cycle are inhibited by NADH
  • ATP is an allosteric inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase

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Functions:

• It is the most important pathway for the energy supply to the body
• It is the final oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids
• It provides many intermediates required for the synthesis of amino acids, glucose, heme, etc.
• It synthesizes
  • Aspartate from oxaloacetate
  • Glutamate from a-ketoglutarate
  • Porphyrins and heme from succinyl CoA
  • Fatty acids, steroids from acetyl CoA