Chronic Granuloma

Chronic Granuloma

Question 1. Describe types of inflammation.
Answer:

Inflammation is defined as a local response of living mammalian tissue to injury due to any agent. It is a body defense reaction to eliminate or limit the spread of injurious agents as well as to remove consequent necrosed cells and tissues.

Types of Inflammation

Depending on the defense capacity of the host and duration of response, inflammation can be classified as acute and chronic

Acute inflammation: It is of short duration and represents the early body reaction, resolves quickly and is usually followed by healing.

The main features of acute inflammation are:

• Accumulation of fluid and plasma at the affected site.
• Intravascular activation of platelets
• Polymorphonuclear neutrophils as inflammatory cells.

Sometimes the acute inflammatory response may be quite severe and is termed as fulminant acute inflammation.

Chronic inflammation: It is of longer duration and occurs after delay, either after the causative agent of acute inflammation persists for a long time or the stimulus is such that it induces chronic inflammation from the beginning.

A variant, chronic active inflammation is the type of chronic inflammation in which, during the disease, there are acute exacerbations of activity.

The characteristic feature of chronic inflammation is the presence of chronic inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages, granulation tissue formation and in specific situations as granulomatous inflammation.

Chronic granulomatous inflammation

In some of instances, term subacute inflammation is used for state of inflammation between acute and chronic.

Question 2. Classify chronic granuloma. Describe anyone in detail.
Answer:

Granulomatous Inflammation

Granuloma is defined as a circumscribed tiny lesion, about 1 mm in diameter composed predominantly of collection of modified macrophages called epithelioid cells and rimmed at periphery by lymphoid cells.

Caseating vs non-caseating granuloma

Classification of Granulomatous Lesions or Diseases

• Specific or infective type:
  • Bacterial:
    • Tuberculosis
    • Leprosy
    • Syphilis
    • Granuloma inguinale
    • Brucellosis
    • Cat scratch disease
    • Tularemia
    • Glanders
    • Actinomycosis.
      • Fungal:
        • Blastomycosis
        • Cryptococcosis
        • Coccidioidomycosis
        • Histoplasmosis.
      • Parasitic: Schistosomiasis.
• Non-­specific
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Crohn’s disease
  • Silicosis
  • Berylliosis
  • Foreign body granuloma
  • Orofacial granulomatosis.