Medicinal Chemistry

Hybridization And Bond Angles From our discussions of bonding, we have learnt something about the arrangement of bonds around various atoms. These concepts are fundamental to our appreciation of the shape of molecules, i.e. stereochemistry. Before we delve into these matters, let us recap a little on the disposition of bonds around carbon. Bonding at four-valent carbon is … [Read more...] about Hybridization And Bond Angles

Acids And Bases Acid-Base Equilibria A fundamental concept in chemistry is associated with proton loss and gain, i.e. acidity and basicity. Acids produce positively charged hydrogen ions H+ (protons) in aqueous solution; the more acidic a compound is, the greater the concentration of protons it produces. In water, protons do not have an independent existence but become … [Read more...] about Acids And Bases

Molecular Representations And Nomenclature Molecular representations From the beginning of chemistry, scientists have devised means of representing the materials they are discussing and have gradually developed a comprehensive range of shorthand notations. These cover the elements themselves, the bonding between atoms, the arrangement of atoms in molecules, and, of course, … [Read more...] about Molecular Representations And Nomenclature

The Organic Chemistry Of Intermediary Metabolism Intermediary Metabolism Intermediary metabolism is the all-encompassing name given to the highly integrated network of chemical reactions by which organisms obtain energy from their environment and synthesize those molecules necessary for their continued well-being and existence. These are the reactions that we consider to … [Read more...] about The Organic Chemistry Of Intermediary Metabolism

Nucleosides And Nucleotides The nucleic acids DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are the molecules that play a fundamental role in storing genetic information, and the subsequent manipulation of this information. They are polymers whose building blocks are nucleotides, which are themselves combinations of three parts: a heterocyclic base, a sugar, and … [Read more...] about Nucleosides Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids