Question 1. Structure and function of mitochondria.
Answer.
Structure of Mitochondria:
- Mitochondria are rod like or filamentous bodies, with dimensions of 1 * 3 microns
- About 2000 mitochondria, occupying one fifth of the total cell volume are present in a typical cell.
- The mitochondrion consists of 5 distinct parts
- The outer membrane
- The inner membrane
- The inter-membrane space
- The cristae
- The matrix
Read And Learn More: BSc Nursing 1st Year Nutrition And Biochemistry Previous year Question and Answers
- The mitochondria are composed of a double membrane system
- The outer membrane is smooth and completely envelops the organelle
- The inner membrane is impermeable to ions and small molecules
- The inner membrane is highly folded to form cristae, which greatly increase its surface area.
- The interior ground substance is called the mitochondrial matrix
- The mitochondrial matrix contains a circular double stranded DNA (mtDNA), RNA and ribosomes.
Functions Of Mitochondria:
- The mitochondria are the centers for metabolic oxidative reactions and are regarded as the power house of the cell.
- Mitochondria are the centers for cellular respiration and energy metabolism
- The ETC and ATP synthesizing system are located on the inner mitochondrial membrane
- The inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane has specialized particles (that look like lollipops), the phosphorylating subunits, which are the centers for ATP production
- The matrix also participates in the synthesis of haeme and urea
- Mitochondria are the principal producers of ATP in the aerobic cells
- ATP, the energy currency, generated in the mitochondria, is exported to all parts of the cell to provide energy for cellular work.
Question 2. Difference between prokaryote and eukaryote cell.
Answer.
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