BSc Nursing 1 St Year Nutrition And Biochemistry Nursing Chapter 12 Introduction Question And Answers

Question 1. Structure and function of mitochondria.
Answer.

Structure of Mitochondria:

• Mitochondria are rod like or filamentous bodies, with dimensions of 1 * 3 microns
• About 2000 mitochondria, occupying one fifth of the total cell volume are present in a typical cell.
• The mitochondrion consists of 5 distinct parts
  • The outer membrane
  • The inner membrane
  • The inter-membrane space
  • The cristae
  • The matrix

Read And Learn More: BSc Nursing 1st Year Nutrition And Biochemistry Previous year Question and Answers

• The mitochondria are composed of a double membrane system
• The outer membrane is smooth and completely envelops the organelle
• The inner membrane is impermeable to ions and small molecules
• The inner membrane is highly folded to form cristae, which greatly increase its surface area.
• The interior ground substance is called the mitochondrial matrix
• The mitochondrial matrix contains a circular double stranded DNA (mtDNA), RNA and ribosomes.

Functions Of Mitochondria:

• The mitochondria are the centers for metabolic oxidative reactions and are regarded as the power house of the cell.
• Mitochondria are the centers for cellular respiration and energy metabolism
• The ETC and ATP synthesizing system are located on the inner mitochondrial membrane
• The inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane has specialized particles (that look like lollipops), the phosphorylating subunits, which are the centers for ATP production
• The matrix also participates in the synthesis of haeme and urea
• Mitochondria are the principal producers of ATP in the aerobic cells
• ATP, the energy currency, generated in the mitochondria, is exported to all parts of the cell to provide energy for cellular work.

Question 2. Difference between prokaryote and eukaryote cell.
Answer.