Branchial Arch

Branchial Arch

Question 1. Derivatives of first and second branchial arch
Answer:

Derivatives of the first branchial arch:

Skeletal derivatives:

• Dorsal part- gives rise to incus and malleus
• Ventral part – part of it forms the anterior ligament of the malleus and the Sphenomandibular ligament
• Mesenchyme – forms maxilla, mandible, zygomatic bone, palatine bone, and part of the temporal bone

Cartilage:

• Meckel’s cartilage

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Muscles:

• Temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid n Mylohyoid
• Anterior belly of digastric
• Tensor palatine, tensor tympani

Nerve:

• Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Derivatives of second branchial arch

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Cartilages:

• Stapes of middle ear n Lesser cornua and body of hyoid bone Styloid process of the temporal bone

Stylohyoid ligament Muscles:

• Muscles of facial expression
• Posterior belly of digastric a Stylohyoid

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Stapedius Nerve:

Question 2. Neural crest cells
Answer:

• The cells developing from the ectoderm along the lateral margins of the neural plate are called neural crest cells
• They undergo extensive migration and give rise to a variety of different cells
  • In the trunk region – forms neural, endocrine, and pigment cells
  • In the head and neck region1- forms skeletal and connective tissue cells
    • These cells move around the side of the head beneath the surface ectoderm as a sheet of cells
    • Towards the completion of migration, the neural crest cells attach themselves to the neural tube
    • In trunk region. Schwann cells and all neurons are derived from neural crest cells

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