Bone Tumor

Bone Tumor

Discuss common neoplastic lesions of bone.
Answer:

Bone tumors are comparatively infrequent but they are clinically quite significant since some of them are highly malignant.

1. Bone tumors may be primary or metastatic.
2. Various types of bone tumors arise from different tissue components: Osseous and non-osseous, indigenous to the bone.

• Bone-forming (Osteoblastic) tumors:
  • Osteoma: An osteoma is a rare benign, slow-growing lesion, regarded by some as a hamartoma rather than a true neoplasm.
  • Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma: Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are closely related to benign tumors occurring in children and young adults. Osteoid osteoma is more common than osteoblastoma. Osteoid osteoma is generally a small and painful tumor, located in the cortex of long bone. Osteoblastoma is larger, painless, and located in the medulla of a long bone.
  • Osteosarcoma: It is the most common malignant tumor of the bone.
    • The tumor is characterized by the formation of osteoid or bone or both, directly by sarcoma cells. Dependingontheirlocationwithinthebone, Osteosarcoma is classified into medullary and periosteal.

Bone tumor types

• Cartilage-forming tumors:
  • Osteocartilagenous exostoses or osteochondromas are the commonest of benign cartilage-forming lesions. Exostoses or osteochondroma is not a true tumor but is regarded as a disorder of growth and development. Exostoses arise from the metaphysis of long bones as exophytic lesions.
  • Enchondroma: It is the term used for a benign cartilage-forming tumor that develops centrally within the interior of the affected bone. The most common locations are short tubular bones of the hand and feet. The tumor has a characteristic lobulated appearance.
  • Chondroblastoma: It is a relatively rare benign tumor arising from the epiphysis of long bones adjacent to the epiphyseal cartilage plate.
• Ewing’s sarcoma: The skeletal Ewing sarcoma arises in the medullary canal of diaphysis or metaphysis.

Osteosarcoma symptoms

The common sites are the shaft and metaphysis of long bones. Clinical features include pain, tenderness, and swelling of the affected area.