Blood Transfusion

Blood Transfusion

Question 1. Hazards of mismatched blood transfusion.
Answer:

• Agglutination.
  • Haemolysis.
  • Fever and chills.
  • Jaundice
  • Renal failure.
  • Uraemia.
  • Coma and death.

“Understanding blood transfusion through FAQs: Types, procedures, and uses explained”

Question 2. Causes of hypervolemia and hypovolemia.
Answer:

Causes of Hypervolemia – 2H, 2C.

• Hyperthyroidism.
• Hyperaldosteronism.
• Cirrhosis of liver.
• Congestive cardiac failure.

Causes of Hypovolemia.

• Blood loss
• Fluid loss
• Hemolysis.
• Anaemia
• Obesity
• Hypothryoidism.

“Importance of studying blood transfusion for medical students: Questions explained”

Question 3. Physiology of clotting.
Answer:

• Coagulation is the process in which blood losses its fluidity and becomes a jelly like mass few minutes after it is shed out or collected in a container.
• In clotting the following steps are involved.

1. Prothrombin activator is formed by

• Extrinsic pathway-by tissue thromboplastin.
• Intrinsic pathway – by platelets.

2. Next prothrombin is converted into thrombin by prothrombin activator in the presence of calcium.

3. This thrombin converts fibrinogen into activated fibrinogen called fibrin monomer.

“Common challenges in mastering blood transfusion notes effectively: FAQs provided”

• This monomer gets polymerize and form loose strands of fibrin.
• These loose strands are modified into dense and tight strands by fibrin stabilizing factor.
• All strands aggregate and form a meshwork.
• Red cells and serum are trapped in this meshwork
• The red colour of clot is due to these trapped red cells.