Blood and Nerve Supply of Maxillary Teeth

Dento-Osseous Structures, Blood Vessels, And Nerves

Describe the blood and nerve supply of maxillary teeth.
Answer:

Blood supply:

• The maxillary teeth are supplied by the maxillary artery, a branch of the external carotid artery.
• The maxillary artery gives off superior alveolar and inferior alveolar arteries.
• Out of it inferior alveolar artery and its branches supply mandibular teeth.

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Superior alveolar artery:

1. Posterior superior alveolar artery:

• Posterior superior alveolar artery runs superior to the maxillary tuberosity and enters the alveolar canals.
• Posterior superior alveolar artery supplies maxillary teeth, alveolar bone, and the membrane of the sinus.
• Then Posterior superior alveolar artery travels forward and supplies the gingiva, alveolar mucosa, and cheek.

2. Middle superior alveolar artery:

• Middle superior alveolar artery runs to join posterior and anterior alveolar vessels.
• Middle superior alveolar artery supplies maxillary premolar teeth.

3. Anterior superior alveolar artery:

• Anterior superior alveolar artery runs towards the anterior aspect of the maxilla from the infraorbital foramen and supplies maxillary anterior teeth and their supporting tissues.

4. Dental branches:

• Dental branches enters into individual tooth root canals and supply of the pulp and periodontal membrane at the root apex.
• Other branches enter the interdental septa and supply bone and adjacent periodontal ligament and gingiva.

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Palatal aspect:

1. Sphenopalatine artery:

• Sphenopalatine arterys nasopalatine branch enters the palate through the incisive canal and supplies the anterior palate.

2. Greater palatine artery:

• Greater palatine artery enters the palate through the greater palatine foramen.
• Greater palatine artery is distributed to the bone, glands, and mucosa of the hard palate.

3. Descending palatine artery:

• Descending palatine arterys minor branches pass to the soft palate through the lesser palatine foramina.

Nerve supply:

1. Posterior superior alveolar nerve:

• Branch of the maxillary nerve.
• Posterior superior alveolar nerve enters the alveolar canals, forms the plexus, and supplies molar teeth and supporting tissues.

2. Infraorbital nerve:

• Infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve.
• Infraorbital nerve gives off the middle superior alveolar branch supplying premolar teeth and surrounding tissues.

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3. Anterior superior alveolar nerve:

• Anterior superior alveolar nerve passes through the bony canals and supplies incisor and canine teeth.

4. Dental branches:

• All three superior alveolar nerves form plexus out of which dental branches are given.
• These along with interdental branches supply alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and gingiva.

5. Greater palatine branch:

• Enters the hard palate through the greater palatine foramen.
• Greater palatine branch supplies the hard palate and palatal gingiva up to the canine tooth.

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6. Lesser palatine branch:

• Enters the soft palate through the lesser palatine foramen.

7. Nasopalatine branch:

• Enters the palate through the incisive canal.
• Nasopalatine branch is distributed to the incisive papilla.