Beta-Lactam Antibiotics

Beta-Lactam Antibiotics

Question 1. Write Classification And Uses Of Cephalosporins.
Answer:

Cephalosporins are a group of semisynthetic antibiotics derived from the fungus cephalosporin.

Classification Of Cephalosporins

Uses Of Cephalosporins

Question 2. Write A Short Note On Beta-Lactam Antibiotics.
Answer:

They are the antibiotics that have beta-lactam rings.

• Two major groups are penicillin and cephalosporin
• Monobactum and carbapenems are the new additions.

Question 3. Write Drug Action And Adverse Effects Of Penicillin.
Answer:

Drug Action Of Penicillin

Following is the drug action of penicillin:

Adverse Effects Of Penicillin

Local Irritancy and Direct Toxicity

• Pain at the IM injection site, nausea on oral ingestion, and thrombophlebitis of the injected vein are dose-related expressions of irritancy.
• Toxicity to the brain may be manifested as mental confusion, muscular twitchings, convulsions, and coma.

Hypersensitivity

• These reactions are the major problem in the use of penicillins. Individuals with an allergic diathesis are more prone to develop penicillin reactions.
• Frequent manifestations of penicillin allergy are rash, itching, urticaria, and fever.
• Wheezing, angioneurotic edema, serum sickness, and exfoliative dermatitis are less common.
• Anaphylaxis is rare but may be fatal.

Superinfections

They are rare with penicillin G because of their narrow spectrum.

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

Penicillin injected in syphilitic patients mostly secondary syphilis may produce shivering, fever, myalgia, exacerbation of lesions, and vascular collapse.