Atropine Substitutes

Atropine Substitutes

Write Short Note On Atropine Substitutes.
Answer:

Atropine substitutes are semisynthetic derivatives of belladonna alkaloids and a large number of synthetic compounds which are introduced with the aim of producing more selective action on certain functions.

Atropine substitutes are used for selective or very rarely selective action over a particular organ and to avoid side effects.

Atropine Substitutes Are:

1. Quaternary compounds: Hyoscine butyl bromide, atropine methonitrate, ipratropium bromide, tiotropium bromide, propantheline, oxyphenonium, clidinium, pipenzolate methyl bromide, isopropamide, glycopyrrolate.
2. Tertiary amines: Dicyclomine, valet hamate, pirenzepine
3. Vasicoselective drugs: Oxybutynin, tolterodine, flvoxate
4. Mydriatics: Homatropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide
5. Anti-parkinsonian: Trihexyphenidyl, procyclidine, and Biperiden

ChatGPT said:

• Homatropine: It is a semisynthetic atropine derivative. The potency of homatropine is less than atropine. It acts in 1 to 3 days.
• Ipratropium bromide and Tiotropium bromide: These are synthetic atropine derivatives that are given by inhalation route. They have selective action over bronchial smooth muscle and cause bronchodilatation. Tiotropium has longer action than ipratropium. Xerostomia is the main side effect.
• Cyclopentolate, and tropicamide: These are synthetic atropine derivatives having a rapid onset of action along with a shorter duration of action as compared to atropine. Cyclopentolate acts for 24 hours while tropicamide is short-acting, i.e. for 6 hours.
• Propantheline: It is indicated in peptic ulcers and as antispasmodic. In the modern era, it is rarely used.
• Clidinium: It is a quaternary compound and has antisecretory and anti-spasmodic properties. It is used in peptic ulcer and irritable bowel syndrome.
• Glycopyrrolate: It is a quaternary compound with very rare central side effects. It is used in pre-anesthetic medication.
• Dicyclomine: It is a tertiary amine. It has anti-spasmodic and antiemetic properties. It is used in dysmenorrhea and abdominal colic.
• Valethamate: It is a tertiary amine. It has anti-spasmodic properties. It is used in intestinal and urinary colic.
• Oxybutynin: It has selective action on M1 and M3 receptors in the urinary bladder and salivary gland. This drug has vasico selective action. So it is used in relieving spasms after urologic surgery and for increasing bladder capacity in paraplegic and in nocturnal enuresis.
• Flavoxate: It has selective action on M1 and M3 receptors in the urinary bladder and salivary gland. It is used in relieving urgency and frequency because of cystitis, prostatitis, and urethritis.
• Tolterodine: Its action is more selective for the urinary bladder as compared to salivary glands. It is used to decrease frequency and urgency in detrusor overactivity.