Arterial Blood Pressure

Arterial Blood Pressure

What is normal arterial blood pressure and physiologic variations? Describe the role of sinoaortic mechanism in regulation of blood pressure. (or) Role of sino-aortic mechanism in regulation of blood pressure.
Answer:

Arterial blood pressure:

Definition:

• It is defined as lateral pressure exerted by the moving column of blood on the walls of arteries.

Normal value:

• In adult 120 mm Hg (100-130 mm Hg) – systolic BP
• Diastolic BP-80 mm Hg (70-85 mm Hg)

“Understanding arterial blood pressure through FAQs: Systolic vs diastolic pressure explained”

Physiologic variations:

1. Age.
   • Arterial blood pressure, increases with age.
2. Sex.
   • In females, BP is less than males before menopause.
   • BP is more than males after menopause.
3. Body built.
   • BP is directly proportional to surface area.
   • Thus, BP is more in obese persons.
4. Diurnal variation.
   • Peak values are observed during afternoon.
   • In early morning, it is lowest.
   • Gradually increases in afternoon and again reduces in evening.
5. After meals.
   • Due to sympathetic stimulation, BP increases after intake of food.
6. Sleep.
   • Due to low metabolic rate, BP decreases during sleep.
   • However, it increases during sleep associated with dreams.
7. Emotions.
   • Excitement and anger increases blood pressure.
8. Exercise.
   1. After moderate exercise.
      • Systolic pressure increases, no effect on diastolic pressure.
   2. After severe exercise.
      • Systolic pressure increases, diastolic pressure reduces.
9. Posture.
   • When an individual stands up venous return is decreased, leads to reduced cardiac output which in turn diminishes blood pressure.

“Importance of studying arterial blood pressure for medical students: Questions explained”

1. Climate.
   1. Exposure to cold.
      • Produces vasoconstriction.
      • This increases BP.
   2. Exposure to heat.
      • Produces vasodilation.
      • This decreases BP.

Sinoaortic Mechanism:

Action of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic region constitute in carotid and aortic region constitute sinoaortic mechanism.

“Common challenges in mastering arterial blood pressure notes effectively: FAQs provided”

1. Action of baroreceptors:

“Factors influencing success with arterial blood pressure studies: Q&A”
2. Action of chemoreceptors: