Antiseptics And Disinfectants
Question 1. Write A Short Note On Antiseptics.
Answer:
Chemically antiseptics may be inorganic agents capable of producing antiseptics such as mercury preparations or organic such as carbolic acids (Phenol).
Oxidizing disinfectants liberate oxygen when in contact with pus or organic substances.
When in use they should be washed away and replaced frequently to help remove pus, blood, and other substances. Different type of bacterias is sensitive to different septic agents.
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- A good antiseptic should be:
- Chemically stable.
- Cheap
- Nonstaining with agreeable color and odor
- It should be active against all pathogens like bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa
- Active even in the presence of blood, pus, exudates, and excreta
- It is tidal and not merely static, destroying spores as well
- Able to spread through organic films and enter fold and crevices
- It requires a brief time of exposure.
Antiseptics Mechanism Of Action
- Oxidation of bacterial protoplasm.
- Denaturation of bacterial proteins including enzymes.
- Detergent-like action increases the permeability of the bacterial membranes.
- Competition with essential substrates for the important enzymes in bacterial cells.
Antiseptics Factor Affecting Antiseptics
- Temperature and pH
- Period of contact with microorganisms
- Nature of the microbe involved
- Size of inoculum
- Presence of pus, blood, and other organic matter.
Antiseptics Classifiation
- Phenol derivatives: Phenol, cresol, hexylresorcinol, chloroxylenol
- Oxidizing agent: Potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide
- Halogens: Iodine, chlorine, iodophor, chloroform
- Biguanides: Chlorhexidine
- Quaternary ammonium: Cetrimide, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride
- Soaps: Soaps of sodium and potassium
- Alcohols: Ethanol, isopropanol
- Aldehydes: Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde
- Acid: Boric acid, acetic acid
- Metallic salts: Zinc oxide, silver nitrate, silver sulfadiazine
- Dyes: Acriflavine, gentian violet
- Furan derivatives: Nitrofurazone.
Antiseptics Uses
- Surgical antisepsis
- Cleaning of wounds and sepsis
- Acne vulgaris
- Before scaling.
Question 2. Write Short Note On Hydrogen Peroxide.
Answer:
Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing agent:
Hydrogen peroxide has a broad-spectrum germicidal action against bacteria, tubercle bacilli, spores, viruses, and fungi when used in appropriate concentration.
It has poor penetrability and loses potency in keeping.
It liberates nascent oxygen which oxidizes necrotic matter and kills microbes.
It is used for cleansing wounds, and abscesses, loosening, and removing slough and ear wax.
In dentistry it is used to clean septic sockets in root canals and as a mouth freshener in mouthwashes.
Concentrations of 10–20% of hydrogen peroxide are sporicidal.
Hydrogen peroxide is now used to disinfect respirators, acrylic resin implants, and soft contact lenses.
Question 3. Define Antiseptics Write Their Uses.
Answer:
Agents used on living surfaces are called antiseptics.
Antiseptics Uses
Question 4. Write Short Notes On Antiseptics And Disinfectants.
Answer:
Agents used on living surfaces are known as antiseptics while the agents used for inanimate objects are known as disinfectants.
- Antiseptics and disinfectants are used in dentistry to check cross-infection as well as to prevent and treat some infectious conditions.
- A disinfectant should not corrode the instruments and should be easily washable while an antiseptic addition should be rapid in action, nonirritating to tissues, non-absorbable, non-sensitizing, and compatible with soaps and detergents.
- A good antiseptic/disinfectant should be:
- Chemically stable
- Cheap
- Non-staining with agreeable color and odor.
- It should be active against all pathogens like bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa.
- Active even in the presence of blood, pus, exudates, and excreta.
- It is tidal and not merely static, destroying spores as well.
- Able to spread through organic films and enter folds and crevices.
- It requires a brief time of exposure.
Uses And Selection Of Antiseptics/Disinfectants In Dentistry
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