Anaphylactic Shock: Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Management

Anaphylactic Shock: Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Management

Question. Write short note on anaphylactic shock with diagnosis and management.

Answer. Anaphylaxis is defied as a state of rapid developing immune response to an antigen mediated by lge antibodies.

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Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on physical examination and investigations.

Physical examination

• Presence of immediate respiration difficulty, laryngeal edema with stridor and wheeze is audible.
• Wheal and erythematous lesions are seen which are circumscribed, round, discrete, erythematous areas with irregular borders and blanched centres.
• Lesions are very pruritic.

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Investigations

1. Skin-Prick test: When an allergen is injected into the skin and is observed for the development of wheal and induration within 15 minutes.
   There is a good correlation between diameter of wheal and levels of specifi IgE antibodies in serum.
2. In vitro radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is done to detect allergen specifi IgE for a variety of food, insect bites / stings, venom, latex and some drugs.
3. Serum tryptase levels are done for detection of recent anaphylaxis.