Anaphylactic Shock
Describe brief anaphylactic shock.
Answer. This type of shock is a result of type I hypersensitivity reaction.
- Anaphylactic shock can occur when a previously sensitized individual is exposed to a specific antigen, IV. Drugs, especially penicillin, cephalosporins, and iodinated contrast media are common offenders.
“The Role Of Iv Fluids In Treating Hypovolemic Shock”
Anaphylactic shock Pathophysiology
Injections—penicillins, anesthetics, stings, venom, shellfih may be having antigens which will combine with IgE of mast
cells and basophils, releasing histamine and large amount of SRS—A (Slow releasing substance of anaphylaxis). They cause bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, respiratory distress, hypotension and shock. Mortality is 10%.
“Symptoms Of Hypovolemic Shock”
Anaphylactic shock Clinical Features
- Due to reduced cerebral perfusion, there is a change in mental status.
- Due to reduced preload and cardiac contractility, there is hypotension.
- Due to release of histamine and other chemical mediators, there is urticaria.
- Due to hypoxia cyanosis is caused.
- Due to anaerobic metabolism and hepatic dysfunction, lactic acidosis is caused.
- Due to coronary ischemia other dysrhythmias are caused.
“Risk Factors For Hypovolemic Shock”
Anaphylactic shock Treatment
- Summon ambulance
- Always check whether respiratory distress is due to other causes.
- Assess the degree of cardiovascular collapse by checking pulse and blood pressure.
- Assess the degree of airway obstruction
- Stop administration of drug
- Patient should be kept supine
- Assess breathing diffilty by checking for stridor, wheeze
“Early Signs Of Vasovagal Shock”
- Administer oxygen to patient by face mask
- Give antihistamine chlorpheniramine maleate 10 mg
- Administer hydrocortisone 20 mg
- Monitor consciousness, airway, breathing, circulation,pulse, blood pressure
- Raise legs if blood pressure is low
“Understanding The Causes Of Hypovolemic And Vasovagal Shock”
- Adrenaline 1:1000, 0.5 mL IM is given immediately.
- Repeat IM adrenaline every 5 minutes while waiting for ambulance
- Administer 100% oxygen.
- CPR if cardiac arrest occurs.
- If BP fall is rapid, 1:10,000 adrenalin may be infused IV slowly.
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