Anaerobic Glycolysis

Anaerobic Glycolysis

Question 1. Describe anaerobic glycolysis. Add a note on its bioenergetics.
Answer:

Anaerobic glycolysis:

1. Glycolysis occurring in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic glycolysis.
2. Lactate is the end product of it.

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Pathway:

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Bioenergetics:

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Thus, two ATP are synthesized in anaerobic glycolysis.

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Question 2. Describe the citric acid cycle and its energetic, (or) Give an account of the steps of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is known as a terminal oxidative pathway. (or) Citric acid cycle. (or) Starch and glycogen
Answer:

Citric acid cycle:

Locations:

In the mitochondrial matrix, in close proximity to the electron transport chain.

Features:

1. It is a cyclic process.
2. It involves the oxidation of acetyl CoA to Co2 and water.
3. It involves the combination of a 2-carbon acetyl CoA with a 4-carbon oxaloacetate to produce a 6-carbon tricarboxylic acid, citrate.

Difference between aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis

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Reactions:

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The resultant oxalacetate can combine with another molecule of acetyl CoA and continues the cycle.

Energetics:

1. Each NADH produces 3 ATP through the electron transport chain. 3 NADH is produced in the TCA cycle.
2. Each FADH2 produces 2 ATP through the electron transport chain. 1 FADH2 is produced in the TCA cycle.
3. Substrate-level phosphorylation produces 1 ATP.
   • One substrate-level phosphorylation occurs.
   • Thus, the total ATP formed is.