Abnormal Hemoglobin

Abnormal Hemoglobin

Question 1. Describe about abnormal haemoglobin.
Answer:

Abnormal haemoglobin:

• It is producted because of genetic mutation.
• This result is structural variations of polypeptide chains (α and β)

Question 2. Describe about abnormal haemoglobin derivatives.
Answer:

Abnormal haemoglobin derivaties:

• The abnormal haemoglobin derivaties in blood prevent the oxygen transport in tissues which results in severe hypoxia which may be fatal.

Question 3. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Answer:

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate:

• It was first demonstrated by Edmund Biernacki in 1897.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Definition:

• The rate at which the erythrocytes gets settle down in a vertical tube is called erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Determination:

1. By Westergren’s method:

• 1.6 ml of blood is mixed with 0.4ml of 3.8% sodium citrate.
• This is loaded is westergren’s tube which is kept vertically undisturbed for 1 hour.
• Reading is taken at the end of 1 hour.

2. By Wintrob’es method:

• About 1 ml of blood is mixed with EDTA O mark and kept undisturbed for 1 hour.
• Reading is taken after 1 hour.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Normal values:

• According to Westergren’s method:
  • Males 3-7 mm in 1 hour
  • Females59 mm in 1 hour
  • Infants 0-2 mm in 1 hour.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Significance:

• ESR helps to confirm the diagnosis.
• It is helpful in assessing the patients response treated for certain chronic inflammatory disease.

Factors effecting ESR:

• Specific gravity of RBC.
• Rouleaux formation.
• Size of RBC
• Viscosity of blood.
• RBC count.