Developmental Disturbances Of Oral And Para Oral Structures Important Question And Answers

Developmental Disturbances Of Oral And Para Oral Structures Important Question And Answers

Question 1. Write notes on xerostomia. Write short notes on xerostomia.

Answer. Xerostomia or dryness ofthe mouth is not a disease but a symptom of different diseases.

Xerostomia produces serious negative effects on patients’ lives, affecting dietary habits, nutritional status, speech, taste, and increasing susceptibility to dental caries.

Developmental disturbances of oral structures

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Etiology

The causes of xerostomia are classified into two categories:
1. Temporary causes
2. Permanent causes

Temporary Causes

• Psychological: Anxiety and depression are well recognized as causes of reduced salivary flow.
• Duct calculi: Blockages of a duct of a major salivary gland, mainly submandibular, produce dryness of the affected side.
• Sialoadenitis: Inflammation of salivary glands can cause reduced secretions.
• Drug therapy: A wide variety of drugs, i.e., anticholinergic, tricyclic antidepressants, bronchodilators, and histamine, may cause xerostomia.

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Permanent Causes

• Salivary gland aplasia: The congenital absence of salivary glands leads to xerostomia.
• Sjögren’srens syndrome: This is the combination of dry mouth, dry eyes, and often rheumatoid arthritis.
• Radiotherapy: The distressing cause of xerostomia is therapeutic radiography for head and neck tumors.

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Clinical Features

• Unilateral dryness with pain or discomfort and swelling in the affected gland.
• Drying and burning sensations are present, but the mucosa appears normal.
• Due to a lack of saliva mucosa will appear dry, atrophic, and more often pale and translucent.
• Soreness, burning, and pain ofthe mucous membrane and tongue are common symptoms.

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Treatment

It is advisable to promote salivary stimulation by using sugar-free chewing gum, which is affected and convenient.