Nephrotic Syndrome In Adults: Diagnosis And Management
Question. Describe briefly the investigation and management of nephrotic syndrome.
Answer. Investigation of Nephrotic Syndrome
Urine examination: Nephrotic Syndrome
- Oliguria while edema is forming, dieresis or normal amount of urine during period of subsidence of edema.
- Proteinuria: It is massive, usually more than 5 g/day though variable from time to time; urine becomes almost solid on boiling. Daily loss of protein may be 20–50 g.
- 24-hour urine shows excretion of albumin or protein more than 3.5 g/day.
- Red blood cells are absent or few are seen
- Casts: Fatt casts, tubular cells, oval fat bodies, doubly retractile bodies are seen
“Understanding nephrotic syndrome in adults through FAQs: Diagnosis and management explained”
Blood Examination: Nephrotic Syndrome
- Anemia: It is slightly normochromic.
- Hypoalbuminemia: Serum albumin usually less than 3 g/100 mL. Total serum globulin concentration frequently lowered with often elevation of α2 and β-globulins.
- Serum lipids show increase in LDL levels and cholesterol.
- ESR is raised due to hyperfirinogenemia.
Serum complement level: Serum complement C3 and C4
“Common challenges in diagnosing and managing nephrotic syndrome in adults effectively: FAQs provided”
- levels get reduced.
Other biochemical tests, i.e. blood urea, serum creatinine, - creatinine clearance and electrolytes are normal.
- Ultrasound of abdomen: It can show normal small or large kidneys, which depends on the underlying cause.
Amyloid and diabetic kidneys are large, while kidney in glomerulonephritis is small. - Renal biopsy: is normal on light microscopy but electron microscopy shows typical abnormalities (effacement of epithelial cell foot processes).
“Importance of studying nephrotic syndrome diagnosis and management for healthcare professionals: Questions explained”
Leave a Reply