Heparin
Question 1. Write Short Note On Heparin.
Answer:
Heparin is an anticoagulant drug that is used both in vivo and in vitro.
Heparin Pharmacokinetics
Heparin is given orally due to its high negative charge and large molecular size is not absorbed. It should be given IV or SC On given IV it immediately acts.
It does not cross the blood-brain barrier or placental barrier. It gets inactivated in the liver by the heparinase enzyme and its metabolites get excreted in urine.
Heparin Uses
- In unstable angina.
- In treatment of deep vein thrombosis.
- For maintaining the patency of cannula as well as shunts in dialysis patients.
Heparin Contraindications
Heparin is contraindicated in:
- Hemophiliacs
- In cases with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
- Severe hypertension
- Bacterial endocarditis
- Intracranial hemorrhage
- Peptic ulcer
- Renal failure.
Question 2. Write A Short Note On Tranexamic Acid.
Answer:
Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic drug.
Tranexamic Acid Mechanism Of Action
Tranexamic acid binds to the lysine binding site on plasminogen and prevents its combination with firing and prevents its lysis.
Tranexamic Acid Indications
It prevents or controls bleeding in the following situations:
- For the counteracting effect of fibrinolytic
- After cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
- In menorrhagia
- After extraction of the tooth, tonsillectomy, and prostatic surgery in hemophiliac
- In recurrent epistaxis, ocular trauma, bleeding peptic ulcer
- In dentistry, the drug is used with soaked gauze or mouthwash which reduces postoperative bleeding in hemophiliacs and patients on anticoagulant therapy.
Tranexamic Acid Side Effects
- Nausea and diarrhea
- Headache and giddiness
- Thrombophlebitis of injected vein.
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