Classification And Laboratory Diagnosis Of Candidiasis
Question. Give a classification of candidiasis and enumerate its laboratory tests.
“Understanding the role of classification in diagnosing candidiasis: Q&A explained”
Answer.
Classification of Candidiasis by Axell Et Al, 1997
- Primary oral candidiasis:
- Acute form:
- Pseudomembranous candidiasis
- Erythematous candidiasis
- Chronic form:
- Hyperplastic candidiasis
- Erythematous candidiasis
- Pseudomembranous candidiasis
- Acute form:
“Importance of studying candidiasis classification for better diagnostic outcomes: Questions explained”
- Candida-associated lesion:
- Denture stomatitis
- Angular stomatitis
- Median rhomboid glossitis
- Candida-associated lesion:
- Keratinized primary lesion super-infected with Candida:
- Leukoplakia
- Lichen planus
- Lupus erythematosus
- Secondary candidiasis:
- Candidal endocrinopathy syndrome.
“Factors influencing success with laboratory diagnosis of candidiasis: Q&A”
Laboratory test for Candidiasis
- Fragments of plaque material are smeared on a microscopic slide, macerated with 20% potassium hydroxide, and examined for typical hyphae.
- Gram-stained smears from lesions or exudates show budding Gram-positive cells.
- Samples can also be cultured on Sabouraud’s broth and ordinary bacteriological culture. Colonies appear creamy white, smooth, and have with yeasty odor.
- Candida albicans alone forms chlamydospores on cornmeal agar culture at 20°C.
- A rapid method of identifying Candida albicans is based on its ability to form germ tubes within 2 hours when incubated in human serum at 37°C.
- By the PAS method of staining, candidal hyphae and yeasts should be recognized.
- PAS method stains the carbohydrates of fungal cell walls, and organisms are identified by a bright magenta color. Hyphae are 2 µm in diameter, vary in length, and may show branching.
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