Classification Of Antimalarial Drugs
Classify Antimalarial Drugs.
Answer:
Classification Of Antimalarial Drugs
1. Chemical Classification
- 4-Aminoquinolines: Chloroquine, amodiaquine, piperaquine
- Quinoline–methanol: mefloquine
- Cinchona alkaloid: Quinine, quinidine
- Biguanide: Proguanil
- Diaminopyrimidine: Pyrimethamine
- 8 aminoquinoline: Primaquine, tafenoquine
- Sulfonamide and sulfones: Sulfadoxine, sulfamethopyrazine, dapsone
- Antibiotics: Tetracycline, doxycycline, clindamycin
- Sesquiterpene lactones: Artesunate, artemether, arteether, arterolane
- Amino alcohols: Halofantrine, lumefantrine
- Naphthyridine: Pyronaridine
- Naphthoquinone: Atovaquone.
2. Clinical Classification
Based on the Stage of the Parasite They Affect
- Tissue schizontocidal agents: These drugs act on primary (pre-erythrocytic) and latent tissue forms (hypnozoites) in the liver, for Example. primaquine is effctive in both forms; atovaquone and proguanil act on primary form.
- Blood schizontocidal agents: These drugs act on the erythrocytic stage of plasmodium and terminate the clinical attack.
- Rapidly acting and high efficacy agents: Chloroquine, artemisinin derivatives, quinine, mefloquine, atovaquone, amodiaquine, lumefantrine.
- Slow-acting and low-efficacy agents: Proguanil, pyrimethamine + sulphadoxine, clindamycin. These drugs should be indicated with rapidly acting agents.
- Gamitocidal agents: These drugs kill gametocytes of plasmodia in blood, for Example. artemisinin and primaquine: These are active against all species.
- Chloroquine and quinine: These are active against vivex form. These drugs also reduce transmission to mosquitoes.
Based On Clinical Indication For Use
- Drugs used for causal prophylaxis i.e. pre-erythrocytic stage of plasmodium in the liver, for Example. proguanil and primaquine.
- Drugs for suppressive prophylaxis: Suppress the erythrocytic phase and thus clinical ttack of malaria is prevented, Example. chloroquine, meflquine and doxycycline
- Drugs used for a clinical cure: They act on erythrocytic stages of malarial parasites and terminate the clinical attack. These are rapid-acting and slow-acting blood schizontocidal agents.
- Drugs used to prevent relapse: They act on latent tissue forms i.e. hypnozoites of P. vivex and P. ovale, Example. primaquine Radical cure of P. vivex and P. ovale should be achieved by the use of a blood schizontocidal agent along with primaquine which acts on latent tissue forms, for Example. hypnozoites to prevent relapse.
- Drugs used to prevent transmission of infection to anopheles mosquito (gametocidal agents): Primaquine has a gamitocidal effect against all species of plasmodia
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