Uses Of Adrenaline

Uses Of Adrenaline

“What are the uses of adrenaline in medicine?”

The following are the therapeutic uses of adrenaline:

• Anaphylactic shock: Adrenaline acts as a life-saving drug in anaphylactic shock and also in Type I hypersensitivity reaction. It should be given as 0.3 to 0.5 ml of 1:1000 solution and is given IM.
• Allergy: It reverses the manifestations of allergic
  disorders.
• Adrenaline along with the lignocaine due to its vasoconstrictor effect causes late absorption of local anesthetic and prolongs the duration of local anesthesia.

“Techniques for managing symptoms of adrenaline overuse”

• Bronchial asthma: Adrenaline acts as a powerful bronchodilator in bronchial asthma. It is very useful during acute attacks. It should be given 0.3 to 0.5 ml of 1:1000 solution SC.
• Hemostatic: Adrenaline acts as a local hemostatic for the control of bleeding from tooth extraction and also in various other surgical procedures.
• Cardiac arrest: Adrenaline is used in the treatment of cardiac arrest which happens due to drowning or electrocution. Adrenaline is given IV in 1:10000 concentration with other supportive measures.
• Glaucoma: Adrenaline is used in glaucoma as it shows poor penetration when it is applied locally in the eye, so it should be given as a prodrug.

“Understanding adrenaline: Medical applications and benefits”

Question 2. Describe Vasopressor Drugs.
Or
Write A Short Note On Vasopressor Drugs.
Or
Write Short Note On Vasopressor Agents.
Answer:

Vasopressor Agents

Vasopressor agents or drugs are those which increase blood pressure. Vasopressor drugs are Noradrenaline, Phenylephrine, Ephedrine, Methoxamine, Dopamine, and Mephentermine.

• Noradrenaline: This drug is a catecholamine. It acts on α1, α2, and β1 adrenergic receptors i.e. the drug is α1, α2, and β1 agonist. It mainly acts on the system.
  The drug has a direct cardiac effect and it leads to the constriction of all the blood vessels. The drug increases systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure.
  It is only administered by IV infusions. It raises blood pressure in hypotensives it can decrease blood flow to the vital organs by widespread vasoconstriction.
• Phenylephrine and methoxamine: Both drugs are selective α1 agonists. These drugs are directly acting α1 agonists and lead to vasoconstriction which causes an increase in peripheral vascular resistance and there is increase in blood pressure.
  Topically phenylephrine is used as a nasal decongestant and in the eye it produces mydriasis. Methoxamine is occasionally used pressor agent.

“Importance of adrenaline in life-threatening conditions”

• Ephedrine: The drug has a direct action on α1, α2, β1, and β2 receptors and it also releases noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve endings.
  Due to its action on α1 receptors, it acts as a vasoconstrictor, nasal decongestant, and as mydriatic.
  Due to its action on β1 receptors, it acts as a cardiac stimulant, and due to its action on β2 receptors, it acts as a bronchodilator. IV ephedrine is used to treat hypotension because of spinal anesthesia.
• Dopamine: The drug is dopaminergic as well as adrenergic, i.e. it is an α1, α2, and β1 agonist. At its moderate doses dopamine produces positive ionotropic but little chronotropic effect on the heart.
  Its vasoconstriction effect occurs only at high doses. This increases afterload and reduces blood flow to renal, mesenteric, and other vital organs. It is used in patients with cardiogenic and septic shock and also in patients with severe heart failure along with renal impairment.

“Common uses of adrenaline explained”

• Mephentermine: The drug is an α1 agonist and also releases noradrenaline. It directly acts on α1 agonists and leads to vasoconstriction which causes an increase in peripheral vascular resistance and there is an increase in blood pressure.
  It also raises cardiac output as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It is used to prevent and treat hypotension due to spinal anesthesia and surgical procedures, shock in myocardial infarction, and other hypotensive states.