Congenital Heart Defects – Symptoms

Congenital Heart Defects – Symptoms

Question. Write short note on congenital heart disease.

Answer. Congenital heart diseases are the abnormalities of heart and great vessels due to defective development in the prenatal period.

Classification Congenital Heart Disease

1. Acyanotic:

1. Acyanotic with left to right shunt:
2. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
3. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
4. Patent ductus arteriosus
5. Aorto­pulmonary window
6. Common complete atrio­ventricular canal.

2. Acyanotic without shunt:

1. Pulmonary stenosis
2. Endocardial cushion effcts
3. Aortic stenosis
4. Coarctation of aorta.

3. Cyanotic:

1. Complete transposition of great vessels
2. Persistent truncus arteriosus
3. Tetralogy of Fallot
4. Ebstein’s anomaly with right­to­left shunt
5. Common atrium.

Etiology

1. Patent Ductus arteriosus: Maternal cause, Patau’s syndrome
2. Atrial septal defect: Rubella virus, Noonan’s syndrome, HoltOram syndrome, Down syndrome, Patau’s syndrome,
3. Ventricular septal defect: Alcohol, Holt­Oram syndrome,
4. Down’s syndrome, Edward’s syndrome.
5. Tricuspid atresia: Alcohol
6. Fallot’s Tetralogy: Down’s syndrome, lesions associated with 22q11 deletions.

Features Of Various Congenital Heart Diseases

1. Central cyanosis and digital clubbing is present in transposition of great vessels and tetralogy of Fallot.
2. Growth retardation as well as intellectual impairment is present in all congenital heart diseases.
3. Syncope is present in severe right or left ventricular outflw tract obstruction.
   Short stature is commonly seen in patients with congenital heart disease.