Dermoid Cyst: Clinical Features, Histology, and Management

Question. Write a note on the dermoid cyst.

Answer.

Dermoid Cyst

It is also known as a dermoid cystic tumor or cystic teratoma.

It is a developmental cyst derived from the remnants of the embryonic skin.
It is a hamartomatous tumor containing multiple sebaceous glands and almost all skin adnexa, this may consist of substances such as nails and dental cartilage like and bone like structures.

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Clinical Features Of Dermoid Cyst

It occurs in young children.
Dermoid cyst occurs most commonly on face, neck or scalp.
In addition to skin dermoid cyst can be intracranial, intraspinal or perispinal.
It is a painless swelling having a dough consistency.
A cyst which develops above the mylohyoid muscle and presents the sublingual swelling in the midline.
Cyst below the mylohyoid muscle presents submental and submandibular swelling in the midline.

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Histological Features Of Dermoid Cyst

Dermoid cysts in the skin are lined by the orthokeratinized stratifid squamous epithelium which exhibit hair follicles,sebaceous glands and erector pili muscles.
Cavity lumen is often filed with the sebum, keratin and hair shafts.
Cyst capsule is composed of narrow zone of compressed connective tissue.

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Treatment Of Dermoid Cyst

Surgical excision is done.

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