Central Giant Cell Granuloma: A Clinical and Histological Overview

Central Giant Cell Granuloma: A Clinical and Histological Overview

Question. Discuss central giant cell granuloma.

Answer. Central giant cell granuloma is relatively a common benign intraosseous destructive giant cell lesion which affects the anterior part of the jaw bone.

Central Giant Cell Granuloma Clinical Features

• Lesion occurs in young children and female predilection is present.
• Central giant cell granuloma affcts the mandible more often than maxilla and occurs anterior to fist molar.
• Central giant cell granuloma is a small, slow enlarging bony hard swelling of jaw which is painful on palpitation.
• Lesion causes expansion and distortion of cortical plates and there is presence of displacement or mobility of regional teeth.
• Central giant cell granuloma follow an aggressive course and in such cases they produce fast enlarging, large,painful swelling in the jaw.

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Central Giant Cell Granuloma Histopathology

• Central giant cell granuloma exhibits fibro vascular connective tissue stroma, consisting of numerous stromal cell which are plum and spindle shaped and undergo frequent mitosis.
• Several areas of hemorrhage and hemosiderin pigmentations are also evident.
• Multiple multinucleated giant cells of varying size are dispersed throughout firous tissue stroma. Giant cells are found around the blood capillaries or near the area of hemorrhage and giant cells consist of 5 to 20 nuclei.
• Small foci of osteoids are often found near periphery of lesion.
• Little amount of chronic inflmmatory cell infitration in connective tissue stroma.

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Central Giant Cell Granuloma Radiological Features

• Radiographically the lesion produces multicellular radiolucent area in jaw with soap bubble appearance.
• Margin of lesion is scalloped and well demarcated.
• Resorption of roots of nearby teeth or divergence of roots is common feature.

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Central Giant Cell Granuloma Treatment

• Surgical excision is done with curettge.