Transverse Section of Medulla Oblongata: Upper Olive Level Structures Explained
Question 1. Enumerate the main structures seen in the transverse section of the medulla oblongata at the level of the upper part of the olives.
medulla oblongata transverse section
Answer. The main structures seen in the transverse section of the medulla oblongata at the level of the upper part of the olives are as follows:
- Fully developed inferior olivary nucleus.
- Appearance of medial and dorsal accessory olivary nuclei.
- The appearance of the hypoglossal nucleus, dorsal nucleus of the vagus, and vestibular nuclei underneath the floor of the 4th ventricle.
- Appearance of the nucleus ambiguus.
- Appearance of nucleus tractus solitarius.
Question 2. Write a short note on lateral medullary syndrome (posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome of Wallenberg).
Answer. Causes Of Lateral Medullary Syndrome
Ischaemia of the posterolateral part of the medulla due to occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery.
upper olive level medulla oblongata
Clinical Features of Lateral Medullary Syndrome
- Contralateral loss of pain and temperature in the body due to involvement of the spinothalamic tract.
- Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature on the face due to involvement of the spinal nucleus and tract of CN 5.
- Ipsilateral paralysis of palatal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal muscles due to involvement of the nucleus ambiguus.
medulla oblongata anatomy
- Ipsilateral ataxia due to involvement of the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
- Nausea and vertigo are due to the involvement of the vestibular nuclei.
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