Transport Of Carbon Dioxide In The Blood

Question 1. Describe the carbon dioxide transport in blood. Add a note on haldane’s effect.
Answer:

Carbon dioxide transport in blood:

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As dissolved form – 7%
- Carbon dioxide diffuses into blood and dissolves in the fluid of plasma forming a simple solution and is transported
As carbonic acid – negligible
- Carbon dioxide enters the plasma and combined with water to form carbonic acid
As carbamino compounds – 30%
1. In plasma
  - Carbon dioxide combines with plasma proteins and forms carbamino proteins
  - It is loose bond so can be easily released
  - It is reversible reaction
2. In RBCs
  - Carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin and forms carbhaemoglobin
  - It is also reversible process

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As bicarbonate – 63%
From plasma carbon dioxide enters the blood
Here it combines with water present in RBC and forms carbonic acid in the presence of carbonic anhydrase enzyme
Carbonic acid is unstable compound so it is readily dissociated into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions By this concentration of bicarbonate ion increases in RBCs
This leads to diffusion of bicarbonate from cell into plasma
Thus carbon dioxide is transported in this form.

Haldane Effect:

It is the effect by which combination of oxygen with hemoglobin displaces carbon dioxide from hemoglobin
The excess of oxygen content in blood causes shift of the carbon dioxide dissociation curve to the right

Haldane Effect Significance:

Essential for release of carbon dioxide from blood into the alveoli of lungs and uptake of oxygen by the blood

“Importance of studying CO2 transport for medical students: Questions explained”

Question 2. Define timed vital capacity. Give its normal value. Mention a condition in which it is decreased.
Answer:

Timed vital capacity:

It is the volume of air that can be expired out forcefully in a given unit of time.

Normal values:

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Decreased in:

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