The Nephron: Structural And Functional Unit Of The Kidney

The Nephron: Structural  And Functional Unit Of The Kidney

Question 1. Functions of kindey.
Answer:

1. Role in homestasis:

• Kidneys regulate various activities in the body, which are concerned with homeostasis.
  1. Filter the blood and excrete its waste products.
  2. Conserves water when it decrease and excretes when excess.
  3. Retains sodium when osmolarity decreases and eliminates sodium when osmolarity increases.
  4. Maintains pH of the blood and body fluids.

2. Hemopoietic function:

• Stimulate erythropoiesis by the release of erythropoietin.

3. Endocrine functions:

• Hormones secreted by kidney are.
  • Brythropoitin
  • Thrombopoietin
  • Renin
  • 1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol
  • Prostaglandins.

4. Regulation of arterial blood pressure.

5. Regulation of blood calcium level.

Question 2. Nephrons.
Answer:

Definition:

• Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney

Parts:

• Each nephron is formed by
  1. Renal or malpighian corpuscle which consists of.
     1. Bowman’s capsule.
     2. Glomerulus.
  2. Tubular portion consists of.
     1. Proximal convoluted tubule.
     2. Loop of Henle.
     3. Distal convoluted tubule.
     4. Collecting duct.