Formation Of Ketone Bodies And Causes Of Ketosis

Formation Of Ketone Bodies And Causes Of Ketosis

Question 1. Good and bad cholesterol.
Answer:

Good cholesterol:

• HDL cholesterol is referred to as good cholesterol as its high concentration counteracts atherogenesis.
• It can be considered a highly desirable lipoprotein.
• It is synthesized in the liver.
• It transports cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues.

Bad cholesterol:

• LDL cholesterol is considered as bad cholesterol due to its involvement in atherosclerosis.
• It can be considered as lethally dangerous lipoproteins.
• It is formed from very low-density lipoprotein.
• It helps in the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.

Question 2. Name the Ketone bodies, how are they formed? Mention two causes of Ketosis. (or) Formation of ketone bodies/ketogenesis
Answer:

Ketone bodies:

• Acetone
• Acetoacetate
• β – hydroxybutyrate.

Formation of ketone bodies/ketogenesis:

2 moles of acetyl CoA
↓ Thiolase
Acetoacetyl CoA
↓ HMG CoA synthase
β-hydroxyl β -methyl glutaryl CoA [HMG CoA]
↓ HMG CoA lyase
Acetoacetate
↓
Spontaneous decarboxylation → Acetone
Reduction be dehydrogenase → β- hydroxybutyrate

Causes of Ketosis:

• Starvation
• Severe uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.