Fluoride Deficiency: Causes, Effects, And Dental Caries

Fluoride Deficiency: Causes, Effects, And Dental Caries

Question 1. Deficiency & excess of fluoride
Answer:

Deficiency:

Drinking water containing less than 0.5 ppm of fluoride causes the development of caries in children.

Secretion:

• It is secreted by Parathyroid glands
• Its secretion is promoted by low calcium concentration Actions
• It increases blood calcium levels by acting on bone, kidney & intestine

Question 2. Name the hormones which regulate serum calcium
Answer:

• Hormones regulating serum calcium levels are

1. Calcitriol
2. Parathyroid hormone
3. Calcitonin

Question 3. Hypercalcemia
Answer:

• Elevation in serum calcium level is called hypercalcemia

Causes:

• Hyperparathyroidism
• Decrease in serum phosphate
• Increase in alkaline phosphatase
• Increase in excretion of calcium & phosphorus

Symptoms:

• Lethargy
• Muscle Weakness n Loss of appetite
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Increased myocardial contractibility a Susceptibility to fractures