Muscles Of The Tongue: Intrinsic And Extrinsic Muscles Explained

Muscles Of The Tongue: Intrinsic And Extrinsic Muscles Explained

Describe in detail about tongue including its blood supply & innervations
Answer:

Tongue Blood Supply:

• Tongue  is muscular organ

Tongue Blood Supply Location:

• Tongue  is situated in the floor of mouth

Tongue Blood Supply Parts:

1. Oral part

• Tongue  lies in the mouth

2. Pharyngeal part lies in the pharynx

3. Sulcus terminalis

• V-shaped sulcus, separating oral & pharyngeal part

Tongue Blood Supply Functions:

• Taste
• Speech
• Deglutition
• Mastication

Tongue Blood Supply External features:

• The tongue has

1. 1. Root:
      • Attachments
        • Abovestyloid process & soft palate
        • Belowhyoid bone
        • Between themgeniohyoid & mylohyoid muscles
   2. TIP:
      • It forms anterior free end
      • Location: It lies behind upper incisor teeth
   3. Body:
      • It has
        1. A curved upper surface/dorsum It is divided into
           1. Oral/anterior 2/3rd
              • Placed on the floor of mouth
              • It shows foliate papillae just in front of the palatoglossal arch
           2. Pharyngeal part/posterior 1/3rd
              • It lies behind paltoglossal arches & the sulcus terminalis
              • It constitute lingual tonsil
           3. An inferior surface
              • It shows median frenulum linguae
              • On either side, there is presence of deep lingual veins

Posteriormost part of tongue:

• Posteriormost part of tongue is connected to the epiglottis by
  • Median glossoepiglotic fold
  • Right & left lateral glossoepiglotic fold
    • Posteriormost part of tongue separates vallecula which is a depression, from the piriform fossa

Papillae of the tongue:

1. Vallate or circumvallate papillae

• Situated immediately in front of the sulcus terminalis

2. Fungiform papillae

• Present near the tip & margins of the tongue & scattered over the dorsum

3. Filiform papillae

• Covers the presulcal area

4. Foliate papillae

Muscles of tongue:

1. Intrinsic Muscles:

• Superior longitudinal
• Inferior longitudinal
• Transverse
• Vertical

2. Extrinsic muscles:

• Genioglossus
• Hyoglossus
• Styloglossus
• Palatoglossus

Muscles of tongue Blood Supply:

• Arterial Supply:
  • Lingual arterybranch of external carotid
  • Tonsillarbranch of facial artery
  • Ascending pharyngealbranch of external carotid
• Venous Drainage:
  1. Two venae comitantes
     • Accompany the lingual artery
  2. One vena comitantes
     • Accompany hypoglossal nerve
  3. Deep lingual veinprincipal vein
     • These veins unite at the posterior border of the hyoglossus
     • Deep lingual veinprincipal vein forms lingual vein
     • Deep lingual veinprincipal vein ends in internal jugular vein